• br Author contributions Animal experiments real

  2022-08-05

  

  Author contributions Animal experiments, real time PCR and western blots were performed at the Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IMIBIC) / Reina Sofia

• In response to oxidative stress in DM antioxidant defence sy

  2022-08-05

  

  In response to oxidative stress in DM, antioxidant defence systems are activated in β-cells. Glutathione (GSH) is one of the most abundant antioxidants and has been shown to be expressed at lower concentrations in patients with DM [12], [13]. Furthermore, plasma levels of glycine, which is a synthet

• Entry into CNS is tightly

  2022-08-05

  

  Entry into CNS is tightly regulated by highly dynamic barriers, namely, the BBB, the blood-CSF barrier, and the arachnoid epithelium (Abbott et al., 2010; Yasuda et al., 2013). Similar barriers also exist within the CNS including the ependymal barrier as well as the cellular membrane barriers of the

• In spite of the similarities

  2022-08-05

  

  In spite of the similarities of caffeine's effects in L929 cells and erythrocytes, a major difference can be identified in the magnitude of inhibition (35% versus 90%). It initially seems reasonable to conclude from this finding that the reduced magnitude of caffeine inhibition in L929 cells is simp

• As we showed earlier a to min incubation

  2022-08-05

  

  As we showed earlier [19], a 20- to 30-min incubation with 2mM t-BHP resulted in erythrocyte swelling, which was less in a Ca2+-containing medium. Given that this effect was abolished in the presence of the Gardos channel inhibitor CLT, as well as in media high in K+, we suggested the contribution f

• A model substance often used in the

  2022-08-05

  

  A model substance often used in the studies of oxidative processes in erythrocytes is tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP), which, being lipophilic, passes easily across the erythrocyte membrane [9]. In erythrocytes treated with t-BHP (0.1–3mM) for less than 1h, a dramatic decline in the reduced glutath

• Notch signaling maintains the balance between neural stem

  2022-08-05

  

  Notch signaling maintains the balance between neural stem cells and neural progenitors (Aguirre et al., 2010, Basak and Taylor, 2007, Mizutani et al., 2007). Conditional knock out of Notch causes depletion in the progenitor pool, showing that Notch is required for the maintenance of neural stem cell

• Binding of FGFs to FGFRs

  2022-08-04

  

  Binding of FGFs to FGFRs leads to receptor dimerization, resulting in the transphosphorylation of a tyrosine in the activation loop of the kinase domain. Subsequently, the activated FGFRs phosphorylate their intracellular receptor substrates, particularly FGFR substrate 2 (FRS2) and phospholipase Cγ

• Histone modification is one of

  2022-08-04

  

  Histone modification is one of the major epigenetic mechanisms.8, 10 Specific histone modifications confer active or repressive transcriptional states. For instance, the trimethylation of Histone3-Lysine27 (H3K27me3) is a marker of tightly packaged heterochromatin and is associated with gene repress

• Our results further indicate that low expression of p CBP

  2022-08-04

  

  Our results further indicate that low expression of p300/CBP in CRC is directly associated with poor clinical therapeutic outcome of 5-FU treatment, potentially providing a new set of biomarkers to predict chemo-sensitivity. Although the ability of low expression of p300/CBP to predict poor prognosi

• It is important to note that histamine

  2022-08-04

  

  It is important to note that histamine H1 and H2 receptors are coupled to different G proteins and that their crossinterference induced by histamine H1 and H2 receptor inverse agonists depends on the cointernalization mechanism. To date, histamine H1 and H2 receptor inverse agonist have shown to int

• br Conclusions In this study we report

  2022-08-04

  

  Conclusions In this study, we report the genotype frequencies for GSTT1, GSTP1, and GSTM1 in Jamaican children. The frequency of the null genotypes of GSTT1 and GSTM1 are similar to those of African-Americans in the US. The GSTP1 genotype frequency is closer to that of the African-American popula

• In conclusion this is the

  2022-08-04

  

  In conclusion, this is the first description of a GPR81 agonist with an ability to exert in vivo efficacy without causing flushing. These results demonstrate that GPR81 small-molecule agonists may be effective for treating dyslipidemia. In addition, targeting GPR81 could prevent the unwanted side ef

• br Conflict of interest statement br Acknowledgments

  2022-08-04

  

  Conflict of interest statement Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Dr. Linda Console-Bram for her editing of this review, Valentina Lucchesi for help with the figures, and acknowledge funding from NIH/NIDA (DA023204). GPR35 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) implicat

• br Materials and methods br

  2022-08-04

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Previously, it is well known that methionine and choline deficient (MCDD) or choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined (CDAA) models are widely accepted in NASH research. MCDD or CDAA dietary model has been mimic human NASH in rodents by sequentially p

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